Zoabi drew widespread criticism in Israel for taking part in an international aid flotilla that challenged the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip, territory ruled by Hamas Islamists opposed to the existence of the Jewish state.
She was on the Mavi Marmara when Israeli naval commandos raided the Turkish vessel in May 2010, killing nine Turks in clashes with activists on board. The Central Elections Committee voted on December 19 to disqualify Zoabi, saying she had shown "support for an enemy state or terrorist organisation engaged in armed conflict against Israel".
Zoabi has said she had no role in any of the violence on board the Mavi Marmara and had tried to mediate between the sides during the raid.
Environment Minister Gilad Erdan criticised the ruling saying Zoabi had been involved in "expressing solidarity with our enemies". Zoabi told Israeli Army Radio the judges had "avoided giving in to the racist right".
The Central Elections committee, which authorises parties' candidates ahead of votes, is chaired by a Supreme Court justice and made up of legislators from a number of political factions. It has tried several times in the past to disqualify Arab political parties for alleged disloyalty to Israel, only to be overruled by the Supreme Court on appeal.